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How Andrew Jackson redefined the presidency, expanded the nation’s territory and strengthened its position internationally, while in the throes of the controversy over slavery, the rise of capitalism, and the birth of urbanization.
The Presidency of Andrew Jackson – The Rise of Mass Democracy
Developments at the grassroots level prepared the way for democratic changes at the federal level after Jackson took office. There was a widespread belief in the principle of equality (for the white male majority) – or more precisely, equality of opportunity during the “Age of Jackson”
Review: What was historic about the election of 1800? What role did the 12th Amendment play in the election of 1824?
The Jacksonian C.U.S.P (1828) The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 initiates a new and more democratic era in American political and social history. A "cusp" can be defined as a point of transition (as from one historical period to the next). The age of the common man - CAUCUS system is replaced by conventions; UNIVERSALSUFFRAGE; POPULAR elections REVIEW Mnemonic devices
#1. "King Caucus" ( closed door meeting of congressional party leaders) – Jeffersonian members of Congress met in caucus to nominate presidential and vice-presidential candidates. This will be replaced by national nominating conventions
#2. Universal male suffrage – New western states had liberal voter qualifications and the trend towards universal male suffrage took hold elsewhere
#3 Popular elections (and Presidential campaigning) By 1832, in most states, voters, rather than the state’s legislators chose a state’s slate of presidential electors.
During President Andrew Jackson’s open house inauguration in 1829 , a horde of 20,000 celebrants forced President Jackson to flee to a nearby hotel while his aides filled washtubs with orange juice and whiskey to lure the mob out of the overrun White House and onto the lawn
South Carolina Exposition and protest (nullification) Vice-President Calhoun anonymously published the essay South Carolina Exposition, which proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress.
1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832.
The Election of 1832
Jackson will be re-elected – he will defeat Henry Clay and what was left of the Republicans
Andrew Jackson (Democrat) ran for re-election with V.P. Martin Van Buren. The main issue was his veto of the re-charter of the U.S. Bank, which he said was a monopoly. Henry Clay (Whig), who was pro-Bank, ran against him The Anti-Masonic Party nominated William Wirt. This was the first election with a national nominating convention.
Is the bank contstituional? Established under Hamilton's financial plan. Declared constutional in Suprem Court cas Mcculloch v. MAryland (1810) establishing federal Supremact
Jackson used his veto power extensively. He vetoed more bills in his term of office than all the previous presidents put together.
Battle #3 Native Americans
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia: 1831 - The Supreme Court ruled that Indians weren't independent nations but dependent domestic nations which could be regulated by the federal government.
Cherokee Indian removal, "Trail of Tears" .During the winter of 1838 - 1839, Many Native Americans suffered from exposure, disease and starvation en route to their destinations. Many died, including 4,000 of the 15,000 relocated Cherokee.
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